Music Industry

 Monday 3rd October 2022

To research the radio industry 

Live Longue 

Commercial Radio: Selling, advertising. Make money, mass / large ,money

Public Service Radio: BBC - benefit of the public - not the profit - TV license - funds 

Reflection - More notes on adverts, audience engagement and news, weather and traffic 

News, weather, traffic - A30 overnight closures delayed until tomorrow , truro introduces warmth banks 

Anything else - shows - uk chart show, cornwall's evening, Saturday night party 

Monday 17th October 2022

To research the radio industry 

Public Service Radio 

Radio for the benefit of public 

Bbc - educate, inform , entertain 

Funding - public - TV license 

Radio 2

News - Ukraine bombing 

Monday 7th November 2022

To research the case study and artists involved 

Annotate in details the examples from the case study

Tom Grennan 

-27 years old 

- Tom Grennan was born in Bedford, Bedfordshire, in the South Midlands of England, but he now lives in London.

- Genre - Alternative / indie 

- Thomas Grennan (born 8 June 1995) is an English singer and songwriter from Bedford and is based in London.^[1] Grennan found fame as the guest vocalist on Chase & Status's "All Goes Wrong" in 2016. His debut album, Lighting Matches, was released in July 2018. The album peaked at number five on the UK Albums Chart and includes the single "Found What I've Been Looking For".

Monday 21st November 2022

BBC Radio And Audience 

To explore the BBC radio and audience behind the Live Lounge 

public service broadcasting - broadcasting for public benefit rather than serve purely commercial interests. 

1. BBC operate 10 radio stations nationally. 

BBC operates (national):

• BBC Radio Berkshire. 
• BBC Radio Bristol. 
• BBC Radio Cambridgeshire. 
• BBC Radio Cornwall. 
• BBC CWR. 
• BBC Radio Cumbria. 
• BBC Radio Derby.
• BBC Radio Devon. 

2. BBC operates 50 regional radio stations. 

3. The BBC's main source of funding is the licence fee, providing roughly £3.7 billion of its current £5 billion annual income. 1 The remainder is generated through other, non-public means.  

4. the directed competition  to PSB radio is commercial - cable / satellite 

5. commercial radio - capital , heart , hits , pirate fm 

6. ways of listening - phone, radio, computer, TV, smart speaker 

Age: 

1. Radio 1 - 15-29 

2. Radio 2 - 35+

3. Radio 3 - 57+ 

4. Radio 4 - 54+ 

This is for young listeners because it is more recent modern music 

15 - 29 year olds 

Uk artists  - Stormzy 

Campaign aimed at younger people 

BBC Radio 1 is aimed at younger people because it plays more recent music aimed at 15 - 29 year olds with younger presenters too which use informal language and lots of campaigns for younger people. It plays uk artists like Stormzy and Sub Focus. 

Monday 5th December 2022

BBC radio and audiences 

To explore the BBC radio contextual issues and the audiences behind the live lounge 

- Entertain young listeners 

- 15 - 29 year olds 

- Emerging (new) artists 

- Live music 

- Young adults 

The saturated colour use reflects the entertaining and fun feel from Radio 1. All presenters are smiling and 2 look quite young to attract a younger audience. The 1 shows that it is Radio 1 and to be recognised. The circle shape could be seen to show an inside look into the show and allow the audience to learn more about the presenters. 

Appealing to the younger audience 

Political Context

Funded by TV License ( BBC argument) 

- Reflect diversity by cater for all

- 15  -  29 - younger audience  , no one else does that 

- Live music on Live Lounge 

Not funded (Political decision makers)

- Mainstream music is not education and does not inform 

- More people will watch it - another way of viewing it 

-  Guests appear , good quality show, Bigger budget 

OfCom 

- regulates radio

-investagates in compliments 

Monday 16th January 2023

Live Lounge appeal and format 

To explore the format of the show and the appeals 

What are the benefits of broadcasting on two channels? 

Larger audience and people would want to go on the show if they are being played on two shows. 

Ricky & Melvin and Charlie & DJ Ace have appealed to 15-29 year olds because they make music themselves making it more interesting for the more recent music. 

Uses & Gratification  (PIES) 

Personal Identity - Relate to the presenters who are similar age and interest in music and songs 

Information - Information about artists, events and songs 

Entertainment - Enjoy the music

Social Interaction - Discuss the music or artists with friends or family. 

Convergence 

You can access News, Sounds, Iplayer, Bitesize, Sport and Weather 

Artists from next day are mentioned. Not many Artists are mentioned as they change all the time 

Other products available are on social media platforms such as Youtube or Facebook. 

Social and Cultural Context 

 

Stormzy notes 

- 3 days preparation - wages for the people involved in performance and production 

 - 6 professional singers - employed as back singers - performs the song and melody

- Musical director - make a recorded song translated to live performance - added instruments 

- Rehearsal space is needed for big performance

How does the live lounge appeal to the target audience and the BBC remit? 

The live lounge appeals to the target audience by choice of presenters and how they interest the target audience (15 - 29 year olds) by using recent music and artists. It also appeals by using slang like 'bro. An example of this is seen by the recent presenters now such as Charlie Hedges who plays the more recent music, this ensures that the Live Lounge targets their audience because it attracts them by events and music which they are interested in. The Live Lounge fits to the BBC remit through playing recent music and having popular artists on the show and talk about events which will enlarge the audience. The presenters use slang such as "bro" or "bruv" to appeal to the younger audience instead of more formal language like Radio 2. They use more recent artists such as Ed Sheeran and Central Cee which the younger viewers might enjoy. 

Monday 30th January 2023

To understand exam style questions and practise exam style technique 

The remit of BBC Radio 1 is to 

Support emerging artists, the live lounge meets this by playing a mixture of mainstream and new artists. An example of this is when Holly Humberstone and Stormzy both had a dream to play in the live lounge. 

Another one is provide a mix of music and speech, the live lounge meets this by interviewing new guests between songs. An example of this is when Holly tells a story of moving to London and everyday life. 

Exam Format 

Question 1: 

Public Service Broadcasting:   broadcasting for public benefit rather than serve purely commercial interests. 

Regulates Radio: OfCom 

Who owns Radio 1: BBC 

The merging of previously separate media forms in one entity: Converge 

Question 2: 

Advantage of listening live and online: 

Live: Up to date with events (you can enter) 

Online: Rewind to listen again. 

Question 3: 

Different target audience - remit  (how and why) 

End of Topic Assessment 

Question 1:

1. 

2. Converge

3. TV license 

Question 2

1. Using recent music will target their audience of 15-29 year olds because it will make them want to listen as it is more most of their types of music creating a larger audience. The Live Lounge uses more recent emerging artists which will increase audience because they would enjoy the type of music or artist. If they liked the music they would most likely listen again and could tell friends or family about it which helps the increase of views to the Live Lounge. 

2. Music radio stations will meet the requirements of the public service broadcasting by using competitions as everyone can get involved and benefits the public as someone can win. The Live Lounge uses competitions which increases the audience as well as the music they play. Both of these could benefit the public but competitions are more affective.  

3. One way radio audiences are passive is listening to the news as they are listening and getting information, this is passive because you cannot get actively involved but you can listen and take it in. One way of radio audiences are active is because they can phone in for stories or competitions, this is active because you can get a chance to engage in the radio. 

Question 3 

1.  BCC radio has to provide for a wider range of content than commercial radio because people are paying for it so they have to try and have content for different people. If people do not like the content they wont get any funding and would have to close. They have to meet the remit of having content for everyone. The BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge applies to this because people pay for the TV License for the radio which is how it is funded, if people do not like it they would have to shut down, meaning they have to try and apply content for everyone which could be quite hard but the remit says to provide a mixture of music and speech so they would not just have to have music people would like but also stories, events and competitions people would enjoy.

BBC radio has to provide for a wider range of content by playing music people would enjoy because then they would want to pay and listen to them and having a range of artists. The BBC Radio 1 Live Lounge has different artists such as Stormzy or Ed Sheeran, they also play emerging artists, performing live that different people would like which would mean they have content for everyone which meets the remit of having a range of music so they can receive funding and can play all sorts of new artists and music on the Live Lounge. They also have convergence which commercial radio does not, you can listen in multiple ways such as car radio, phone, websites. They also offer advise campaign for younger people.  

Monday 20th February 2023

DIRT

To reflect on areas to improve in the assessment. 

Question 1

Identify the word that describes large company which owns a set of companies that produced different media forms: Conglomerate 

Bauer Media owns radio stations as well as magazines. Identify the word that describes adding other areas of business in this way: Diversification 

Identify one source of funding for BBC Radio 1: TV License 

Question 2 

Two marks would be given for the opening sentence, which explains how Radio stations target audience. Two marks would be given for the following sentences, which exemplify different use of targeting in Radio 1 live lounge. - 4 marks 

Question 3 

Make points about how the BBC Radio provide wider content on their radio stations, give examples on Radio 1 and why they have to do this linked to the remit. 

Up and coming artists (UK Artists) 

Romy, Self Esteem 

Remit - Requirements BBC Radio 1 

Discussion programmes that focus on issues for the target audience - Provide a mix of music and speech - life hacks - discussions around anxiety and depression. 

Explain how and why BBC Radio has to provide a wider range of content than commercial radio. Refer to the 'BBC Radio 1 live lounge in your answer. 

BBC Radio provides a wider range of content than commercial radio for several reasons. Firstly, Radio 1 provides discussion programmes that focus on issues for the target audience. This examples is due to the remit and in particular provides a mix of music and speech, We can identify this in the live lounge through the discussions around anxiety and depression for their 15-29 year old audience. 

Monday 6th March 2023

To research the case study and artists involved 

Annotate in detail the examples from the case study 

Lizzo

Background - Melissa Viviane Jefferson (born April 27, 1988), known professionally as Lizzo, is an American singer, rapper, and flutist. Born in Detroit, Michigan, she moved to Houston with her family when she was ten years old. After college she moved to Minneapolis, where she began her recording career in hip hop music.

Age - 34

Where she's from - Detroit, Michigan, United States

Genre - Hip - hop

Current songs  - 

• Truth Hurts. 
• About Damn Time.
• Good As Hell.
• 2 Be Loved

Critical reception - Her new album, Cuz I Love You, was released on April 19, and the critical and fan reviews have been almost entirely positive. Fans on Twitter called it the album of the summer, and critics claim it's a breath of fresh air that sidesteps many industry standards to make an album that truly feels new.

Awards - 

BBC Radio 1 live lounge: Lizzo 

Guest name and information

- Lizzo (background information above) 

- Talks about her clothing brand 

Live performance

 - Special - Lizzo - talks about injustice, gender inequality 

Cover songs 

- Sam Smith - Unholy - caused controversy when it first came out in terms of the video and acknowledges topical issues in society. 

Target audience

- Slang

- 'Im a business woman' abbreviation of words by presenters 'amazing' 

- Refer to swearing a lot and that she isn't suitable for a younger programming. 

Current Songs / Artists

- Kendrick Lamar 

- Becky Hill

- SZA

Inform + Educate + Entertain

- 4th appearance on live lounge 

- Entertains through her comical response and questions - 'its a tune' informs she plays the flute and shows her skill 

-Talks about background and shares anecdotes with presenters/listeners

-Entertains through language and culture difference in UK and USA. 

- Jokes about relationship with SZA, defends her, supports her - positive support for other artists. 

Innovative Show

-3 Presenters 

-Varied Artists

- Lizzo is very successful and famous

- Still interested in playing in the live lounge after 3 times. 

- Brings live performances when you can not get them yourselves 

- Brit awards attended 

1. Shared information with tour and collaborations, Entertain through comedy with presenters. Talks about current issues. 

2. The live lounge plays recent music such as Kendrick Lamar - Count Me Out, Coi Leray - Players

3. Cover and original were recent releases. 

4. 

5. Lizzo preforms Special and Unholy by Sam Smith live

6. Uses UK artist Sam Smith to cover.

7. Talks and sings for equal time. 

MUSIC VIDEOS 

Wednesday 25th January 2023

Music Videos 

To explore this section of the unit and research chosen case studies 

- People 

- Dancers 

- Props

- Singer/s 

- Instruments 

Avril Lavigne - Sk8er Boi - 2002 

Name of artist: Avril Lavigne 

Name of song: Sk8er Boi 

Genre: Pop-punk , Rock 

Date song was released in the UK: 16 December 2002

What song is about: The song is a metaphor about two people who are unlikely to be together when in all reality they should be a couple. Although their outside appearance differs, they have what it takes to be a great team, yet because the girl was too shallow to see what was inside the punk, she missed out on a great guy. This song proves that you should see beyond the outside appearance and get to know a person before judging them.

Briefly what happens: This is a story told from the singer's viewpoint about her rocker boyfriend and a girl he knew in high school who rejected him because he was a skateboarder and she was a snob. Five years later, the Sk8er Boi is famous and the girl who rejected him is living a boring, unfulfilled life, ruminating on a time when he was into her and features a concert on a city street with Lavigne singing on the hood of a car with a crowd rocking out around her.

Who features in the video: Avril Lavigne 

He was a boy
She was a girl
Can I make it any more obvious?
He was a punk
She did ballet
What more can I say?
He wanted her
She'd never tell
Secretly she wanted him as well
But all of her friends
Stuck up their nose
They had a problem with his baggy clothes

He was a skater boy
She said, "See you later, boy"
He wasn't good enough for her
She had a pretty face
But her head was up in space
She needed to come back down to earth

Wheatus - Teenage Dirtbag - 2000 

Artist Group Name: Wheatus 

Name of song: Teenage Dirtbag 

Genre: American Skater rock 

Date song was released in the UK: February 5, 2001

What the song is about: The song was written by guitarist and vocalist Brendan B. Brown and was inspired by a childhood experience of his.

Briefly what happens: Jason Biggs plays a nerdy character and Mena Suvari is the love interest who unexpectedly invites the protagonist to an Iron Maiden concert, and in the end scene they dance together on prom night.

Who features in the video: Jason Biggs, Mena Suvari 

'Cause I'm just a teenage dirtbag, baby
Yeah, I'm just a teenage dirtbag, baby
Listen to Iron Maiden, baby, with me, ooh

[Bridge]
Oh, yeah, dirtbag
No, she doesn't know what she's missin'
Oh, yeah, dirtbag
No, she doesn't know what she's missin'

[Verse 3]
Man, I feel like mold
It's prom night and I am lonely
Lo and behold
She's walkin' over to me
This must be fake
My lip starts to shake
How does she know who I am?
And why does she give a damn about me?
I've got two tickets to Iron Maiden, baby
Come with me Friday, don't say maybe
I'm just a teenage dirtbag, baby, like you

In Sk8er Boi what is the purpose? 

This song proves that you should see beyond the outside appearance and get to know a person before judging them. Helps to promote her image and identity and the way she acts (smashes guitar on car). It somewhat conveys the video, she sings and plays the guitar - musician , writes her own song , plays her own instrument. 

In Teenage Dirtbag what is the purpose? 

The origins of the song come from a grisly murder that took place when Boyd was a child, involving an older child that had bullied him. Gives us an image of what they are like / identity. 

3 types of music video 

- Performance 

- Narrative

- Mixture of both 

Wheatus: narrative and performance 

Avril Lavigne: performance plus some narrative 

Wednesday 8th February 2023

Mise-en-scene

To examine the use of media language in music videos 

Wheatus narrative: Boy likes a popular girl but her boyfriend bullies him and then she ends up falling in love with him and dancing with him but then he wakes up and realises it was a dream. 

Avril Lavigne narrative: Boy likes a girl who is 'too good for him' and Avril and her friends set up an illegal gig and then the boy ends up falling in love with her. 

The golden tap and the bathtub full of jewellery, money, gold and diamonds shows she is wealthy, she has expensive jewellery on and showing it off meaning she is successful. Very glamorous and styled - hair, make up and nails. 

Sk8er Boi: 

They are all squashed in the back of an old car without seat belts showing they don't care suggesting they are rebels. Their dark clothes are dirty skater clothes which could mean they don't mind getting dirty and what they look like. She looks like a tomboy and hangs around with skater boys. 

She does an illegal gig in the street in America from the cars, taxi and buildings, people but everyone seems to enjoy it and she is jumping on top of a car with everyone dancing around her showing everyone likes her music. Because she is dancing on the car shows she is a rebel and a rockstar. 

 

Her make up suggests punk/skater because she has dark make up and baggy, dirty clothes with cheap punk jewellery meaning she doesn't have a lot of money, she is also in an old, dirty chair, she doesn't look like the stereotypical female musician. 

He looks like he is on a high school stage because of the curtain and floor in the background and the microphone, he is wearing a bucket hat with glasses and casual outfit showing he doesn't have expensive clothing. 

This is the main character on a bike instead of a car suggesting he doesn't have a lot of money or can't drive. He is also in old brown clothes also showing he doesn't have a lot of money, he is always alone showing he is a geek and not many people like him. 

The girl is wearing a red dress with curled hair and make up, this could mean she has money and can afford to look a certain way. She is holding two tickets for them showing she likes him and wants to go with him - love , passion. 

Wednesday 22nd February 2023

PHOTOSHOP EDIT 

Wednesday 1st March 2023 

To examine the use of media language in music videos

Do Now: 

MISE-EN-SCENE for music video: Adore you - Harry Styles 

- Setting 

  - To set the scene of the time period (costumes, houses, lighting, decoration) and helps the narrative. 

- Lighting

  - Low key lighting creating dark atmosphere, time period and place. 

-Props

  - Show its by the sea and not a city (fisher nets, harbour, fishermen, small town) 

Avril Lavigne and her friends are dressed like teenage rebellious skaters, this is achieved by baggy clothes, caps and studded bracelets. This could suggest to the audience the punk and rock aspect of the video. In Avril Lavigne's music video, it is set in an american city. We know this as we are shown shots of big buildings, lots of people, cars and streets. In my opinion, the video is set here because in the narrative they are setting up an illegal gig and there are skaters mostly in cities adding to the punk genre. 

In teenage dirtbag, the boy is stereotypically seen and dressed as a 'loser', this is achieved by the big winter coat, old baggy brown clothes and a trapper hat. This tells us he doesn't fit it, isn't popular and is geeky. The way he is presented shows us stereotype of 'loser' in high school and helps us tell the narrative. 

The music video Avril Lavigne's Sk8er Boi and Wheatus' Teenage Dirtbag use setting and costume to achieve similar effects. In both of these music videos, they are both linked to the stereotypes of the genres, such as american, teenage and stereotypes of types of teenagers. These are effectively used because in Sk8er Boi they are wearing more baggy clothes with tattoos and studded bracelets linking to the stereotypes of teenage skaters, however in teenage dirtbag, the boy is seen as a 'loser' in high school because of his appearance (trapper hat and big winter coat) which tells us he doesn't fit in. They both match the music style because Avril Lavigne has the genre of punk / rock and teenage dirtbag is american skater rock, they both also fit to the american setting because in Sk8er Boi it has american cars and teenage dirtbag is set in a high school. 

Camerawork 

S - Shot type 

A - Angle 

M - Movement 

Handheld - Holding the camera without a tripod 

Focus- Pull - Having multiple things on a screen blurred but focusing on one thing.  

Wednesday 8th March 2023

To explore how camerawork is used to create meaning in music videos 

Camera - shot: Low angle, dutch tilt, long shot.

Why is it used? To show they are a group and friends creating a fun and childish atmosphere. 

Links of mise-en-scene? She is the main character as she is the only one on the car and is in the centre front wearing just red which is different from everyone else. 

Connotations of the setting? Shows she is in a hot, dry, deserted place by herself. 

What could she be singing about? Being alone and isolated. 

Link to the camera shot? It is a wide shot and shows nobody else is there because in a desert you wouldn't normally see people there. 

Sk8er Boi - Expressionistic 

Teenage Dirtbag - Naturalistic 

Shot name: Point of View 

Why is it used: To show the view of the camera man who is recording her. 

Why is it used here? To show her status and how everyone likes her song, the camera man now loves her and is focused on her and everyone else is too. 

Shot name: Wide shot

Why is it used: To show how lonely and isolated he is from everyone else and show the sign. 

Why is it used here: To help the narrative to show how he is the 'loser' and being alone. 

Shot name: High angle 

Why is it used: To show her status and the audience surrounding her. 

Why is it used here? To show they like her and her music and her importance. 

Shot name: Low angle

Why is it used: To show the group and how he looks bigger, stronger. 

Why is it used here? To show how he is the popular boy/bully in the centre front, showing the stereotypes.

Shot name: Dutch tilt 

Why is it used? To show she is the main focus,  adds to the expressionistic style 

Why is it used here? Shows her importance of the video. 

There are a lot of different camera shots in Sk8er Boi because it matches the fast pace of the song and shoes the punk / rock type genre. 

Adjectives for Sk8er Boi camerawork: 

- crazy

- energetic

- fast 

- thrilling

- chaotic

Adjectives for Teenage Dirtbag camerawork: 

- natural

- realistic 

- smooth

- still

- slow 

The camera work in Sk8er Boi is expressionistic. For example, at one point in the video she is jumping around on a car with the audience jumping around her and we are shown a high angle shot. The chaotic camera work fits the tone of the song because it is thrilling and energetic with a punk / rock genre. 

The camera work in Teenage Dirtbag is naturalistic. For example, at one point in the video when he is dancing with the girl the movement was very smooth and we are shown a mid shot. The slow camera work fits the tone of the song because it is very still, calm but also realistic. 

The music video producers use camera work to help construct the identity of Avril Lavigne by using fast movement to link to her music style of punk / rock genre which is generally used with quick expressionistic camera work to show the chaos of the video. For example, at one point she is seen jumping on the car with a high angle to see the audience around her. Another way they construct the identity is by using different angles, this helps to show her status and importance in the video. For example she is seen with a dutch tilt angle, this shows that she is the main focus and she is the star, adding to the expressionistic style. Finally, they use a point of view, 

Wednesday 22nd March 2023

To explore how sound and editing are used to create meaning in music videos. 

2 categories of sound 

- Diegetic - Sounds from inside the scene that characters can hear 

- Non - Diegetic - Sounds outside the scene such as music that characters would not hear 

Teenage Dirtbag 

Diegetic - Car hitting the bike and falling over because it connects the narrative with the song. 

Sk8er Boi 

Diegetic - Traffic, Spray cans falling over,  Rope clip, Smashing of guitar on glass, Helicopter, Police sirens because it adds realism and helps set the scene and idea of being rebellious - Anti - establishment 

Editing 

- Special effects 

- Transitions

- Pace and rhythm 

- Shot durations 

- Continuity

- Order of shots / Shot choices 

Sk8er Boi 

- Does cut to the beat 

Teenage Dirtbag 

- Does cut to the beat however not as often because you need to see the narrative

Sk8er Boi has faster pace and more cuts because its a faster song however in Teenage Dirtbag is slower because of the narrative and slower pace to the song. 

Music videos use media language such as use of camerawork to create different effects to fit the meaning of the song and the musicians' image. In the music videos, the camerawork differs from each video because of the artist and genre of the song. This is shown in Sk8er Boi and Teenage Dirtbag because they use different camera work to link to the song. In Sk8er Boi, the camerawork is expressionistic because it uses quick pace and cuts to the beat, the effect is to show the genre of punk / rock and the fast pace which links to the song and artist. However, in Teenage Dirtbag the camerawork is a lot slower, naturalistic and cuts to the beat but not as often because of the narrative and to make is more realistic compared to Sk8er Boi. 

Wednesday 19th April 2023 

To explore how representations are constructed in music videos 

Traditional stereotypes: 

Male:

- Stronger

- Dominant 

- Tall

- Popular 

- Sporty 

- Short hair 

- Influenced

- No emotions 

Female: 

- Popular 

- Pretty

- Mean

- Make up

- Long hair

- Emotional

- Sensitive 

- Gentle 

Objectification: The action of degrading someone to the status of a mere object 

Sexual Objectification: When someone views someone primarily as an object of sexual desire rather than a person 

Avril Lavigne has been represented as a rebellious teenager with the punk rock genre in Sk8er Boi we can tell this because of the song and the way she is dressed appealing to teenagers at the time in the urban setting. With gender it is un-stereotypical as she is a women dressed in casual clothes and antiestablishment. 

Teenage dirtbag is representing a lot of the teenage stereotypes in high school with gender. Males being stronger, dominant, bully and females being popular and pretty. It is predominately white which could link to the punk - rock genre and is all heteronormative (straight) 

Wednesday 26th April 2023 

To explore and practise exam style questions 

Compare how gender representations are constructed in music videos.

Refer to the two music videos you have studied to support your answer. 

(4 mark) 

- What representations could you mention

- How are those representations constructed (media language)

- What specific examples could you use for each video 

- 2 examples from each video 

In Sk8er Boi, gender representations are challenging female stereotypes in the video which is different from Teenage Dirtbag. Avril Lavigne is seen wearing dark baggy t-shirt and jeans which isn't seen as 'feminine'  and she also has dark eyeshadow, studded bracelets and is seen being rebellious. These connotations show Avril Lavigne challenges the stereotypes of women in the music video because of the way she dresses and how she is seen as a 'skater' and a rebel. However, in Teenage Dirtbag female stereotypes are supported. In the music video the girl looks very 'feminine' because she has make-up, long hair and bright more 'girly' clothes. When the camera is on her it is soft focus and slow motion suggesting she is the dream girl and she is seen as a prize, this supports the idea of women being an object for men. 

Explain how stereotypes are used in music videos.

Refer to two music videos you have studied to support your answer. 

(10 mark) 

- Why are stereotypes are used in music videos

- What stereotypes or counter-stereotypes could we mention 

- How are those representations constructed (media language) 

- What specific examples could you use from each video

- 3 examples from each video 

Stereotypes are used in music videos because they are easily recognisable and so help the audience understand the narrative. For example, in Sk8er Boi, they use a stereotypical representation of males as active, rule-breakers and interested in females. This is shown through them often skating, biking or driving, often in places they shouldn't be (like on the roof-tops) and filming the pretty girl in the car. This fits in with the teenage stereotypes also used. This leads into the next point of teenage stereotypes, they are seen as rebellious through-out the video. For example, the stereotypical representation of teenagers is trouble-makers, uncaring and not bothered. This is shown when we see teenagers doing graffiti and riding throwing paper everywhere. In Teenage Dirtbag, female stereotypes are shown in the video. For example, the girl is wearing make-up, long hair and 'girly' clothes supporting the stereotypes. This is also shown through how she is always seen in soft focus and slow motion suggesting she is a dream girl or a prize. This could create a larger male audience by objectifying women. Another stereotype in Teenage Dirtbag is ethnicity, in the video it is predominately white creating the vision of America that it is mainly white, for example, all the main characters are white (the nerd, the girl, the jock) This stereotype can make people think that in America or in American high schools it is mostly white people because of what you see in films or music videos just like this one. 

Monday 20th May 2024 

convergence 

set in high school

set in city

rebellion 

    

different audiences 

debates - older

music - younger

live lounge 

bbc r1 

ricky melvin charlie 

charlie - musician and dj

early 30s 

slang 

support british artists

q4

alternative - pale skin with dark lips , eyes,  hair and eyebrows 

q5

conclusion 

context: gender, sexuality, race, celebrity, consumerism 

in conclusion, both magazines differ from their use of masthead, colour palette, lexis, image and layout. these differ from the genre of the magazines